Vocabulary: General

Common everyday vocabulary words.

Nouns

• बातthing feminine

  More abstract than "चीज़", often used for matters or topics – as in, things that are discussed.

  For example,

  1. कोई बात नहीं. No problem. (Literally: [there is] nothing.)

  2. मुझे यह बात समझ नहीं आई. I did not understand this thing (matter).

     Note

     आई, feminine, matches बात because the postposition in मुझे blocks the gender matching on मैं (Recall मुझे = मैं + की).

  3. बात करना to talk (seems to be more like: to chat).

  See also: चीज़

• मददhelp feminine

  Used with का/के/की to indicate who is receiving help, and with either करना (to actively help someone), or होना (to passively be helped). See the links below for the generalized rules of these.

  For example,

  1. मेरी मदद किजिए. Please help me.

  2. क्या आपकी मदद हुई है? Have you been helped?

  See also: Reflexive verbs ; Active and passive, transitive and intransitive

• संदेशmessage masculine

• वग़ैरहetc.

Verbs

• लादनाto load

  Load, as in a cart or lorry.

Other

• हँसनाto laugh social

  For example,

  1. लड़का मज़ेदार बात सुनकर हँसा. Hearing a funny thing, the boy laughed.

• इजाज़त, आज्ञाpermission social

  The generally preferred way to express the concept of permission is actually just to use an infinitive oblique verb + देना, but either इजाज़त or आज्ञा may be used only for people and when a more formal register is desired.

  For example,

  1. मुझे जाने की इजाज़त दीजिए. Please give me permission to go.

  2. मुझे जाने की आज्ञा दीजिए. Please give me permission to go.

     Note

     In both of these examples, दीजिए is appropriate (rather than दो) because of the formality of इजाज़त / आज्ञा.

  3. सब्ज़ियों को और पकने दो. Let the vegetables cook further.

     Note

     As the noun is inanimate, there is no need for इजाज़त or आज्ञा here.